1.试验环境
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
2.确认主库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u02/arch
Oldest online log sequence 154
Next log sequence to archive 156
Current log sequence 156
3.创建备库instance
windows平台利用oradim工具创建一个新的instance，
unix/linux平台设置新的ORACLE_SID即可
4.准备好主备库的参数文件
主库：
orcl.__db_cache_size=184549376
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=88080384
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','
/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl','
/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u02/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
#################################
db_unique_name=node1
service_names=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(node1,node2)'
log_archive_dest_2='service=dbstandby
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node2'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
fal_server=dbstandby
standby_file_management=AUTO
备库：
db_unique_name=node2
log_archive_dest_2='service=dbprimary
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=node1'
fal_server=dbprimary
fal_client=dbstandby
5.生成password file
c:/>orapwd file=d:/oracle/ora92/DATABASE/PWDtest.ORA password=pass
或者直接将主库上的密码文件copy一份到备库上
6.配置网络
配置主备库的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完listener.ora后需要重启监听器。
listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = s1.gti.com)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
tnsnames.ora
dbprimary =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.131)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
dbstandby =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.132)(PORT = 1521))
(SID_NAME = orcl)
7.使用rman备份主库
[oracle@s1 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:52:37 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028)
RMAN> backup full format='/u02/db_%U'
database include current controlfile for standby;
...................
8.归档主库当前日志
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
9.启动备库到nomount
sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
10.利用rman恢复备库
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:53:21 2008
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/a@dbstandby
connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (DBID=1171867028, not mount)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
.............................
如果第8步没有归档当前日志，duplicate时可能出现错误：
RMAN-05507: standby controlfile checkpoint (710256) is more recent than duplicat
ion point in time (709530)
至此，备库创建成功。
11.将备库置于自动恢复状态
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
12.switchover
物理STANDBY的SWITCHOVER切换会把当前的一个物理STANDBY切换为PRIMARY数据库，而PRIMARY数据库且变成物理STNADBY数据库。
一般SWITCHOVER切换都是计划中的切换，特点是在切换后，不会丢失任何的数据，而且这个过程是可逆的，整个DATA GUARD环境不会被破坏，原来DATA GUARD环境中的所有物理和逻辑STANDBY都可以继续工作。
在进行DATA GUARD的物理STANDBY切换前需要注意：
确认主库和从库间网络连接通畅；
确认没有活动的会话连接在数据库中；
PRIMARY数据库处于打开的状态，STANDBY数据库处于MOUNT状态；
确保STANDBY数据库处于ARCHIVELOG模式；
如果设置了REDO应用的延迟，那么将这个设置去掉；
确保配置了主库和从库的初始化参数，使得切换完成后，DATA GUARD机制可以顺利的运行。
[oracle@s1 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 29 19:55:02 2008
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
ORACLE instance started.
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
SQL> startup
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
至此完成自由切换。
